The Owner Of Essence Yoga - 905 Words

I choose to interview the owner of Essence Yoga, Deb Manera Cunha. I have known Deb for a couple of years but knew very little about the successful yoga studio she owns. I sat down with Deb on July 21st and was truly inspired about by her story and business sense. The Venture. Essence Yoga is a studio offering Yoga and meditation 7 days a week. They are a community based studio located in Cranston’s Pawtuxet Village. They offer safe instruction to men and women of all ages, shapes and sizes. Part of their mission is encouraging clients to find a healthy lifestyle and allow the practice of yoga help balance out the day to day grind. Deb worked in the Yoga field for 5 years before deciding to go into business on her own. Yoga was more of a part time job for her as her children were very young, but after her Dad’s passing in 2011, she took a short break from working to refocus on her family. During that break she began debating going out on her own, opening her own yoga studio, instead of returning to work for someone else. Deb was really close to her dad and took his suggestions to heart. Her dad had a saying he always followed in his life, â€Å"take risks in life, live without regret, go all in†. Deb decided that was exactly what she was going to do and Essence Yoga opened its doors in February of 2012. Four years later, Deb now has seven employees working for her. Struggles and Challenges. During the early survival period, Deb was teaching classes seven days a weekShow MoreRelatedBusiness Critique of Yoga Center828 Words   |  4 Pagesfail to cover all aspects crucial to business. Garden Way Yoga center’s business plan has all these components in its plan. However, this report will try to investigate/critique on important elements missing which could improve the credibility of the business plan. 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The script on the seals revealed the name, lineage, social identity or the public office held by seal-owner Seals could also have been worn as talismans or amulets They are the only examples of writing from this period 400 pictographs/characters have been identified so far, but the script is not fully deciphered RELIGION Little is known about the earlyRead MoreAnalysis Of Moody Streets : Analyzing The Duality Of Atmospheres1868 Words   |  8 Pagesepicentre of Swinging London’ where the mod and hippie groups converged in the 1960s. However, today, Carnaby Street is lost to the endless Bohemian-seeking crowd (Clack). In Kingly Court off of Carnaby Street, three floors offer hugs, restaurants, and yoga and signs are intricately painted to read, â€Å"Snap your Dish #KinglyCourt† or â€Å"Smile, Laugh, Drink, Gossip, Eat.† These signs set the tone of a predetermined atmosphere that was designed for a specific type of middle-class tourist consumer. 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What Goes Around Comes Around (Karma) Free Essays

If one would want to examine one’s self about the meaning of a word or phrase by comparison with what others mean with the word or phrase, one will find confirmation of similarity or change in meaning in relation to time. Given such thesis, this essay intends to validate that same by exploring my own assumptions and beliefs about a certain concept or phrase by,   discovering what I believe about and how those ideas have been formed in me, and exploring outside viewpoints of the topic using contemporary and/or literary figures, politicians, poets, authors, media images, institutions, history books, etc. Exploration of self: What I think and feel about the phrase â€Å"What Goes Around Comes Around (Around). We will write a custom essay sample on What Goes Around Comes Around (Karma) or any similar topic only for you Order Now †? As I use the new version of software in the Internet, the computer flashes a message: â€Å"Paying is a good karma.†Ã‚   The word ‘karma’ enters into my mind that if there could is good karma, there must be bad karma.   Before my encounter of the phrase of good karma, the meaning of the word karma for me was negative that whatever error or mistake one must have done will really come back to haunt one back.   The word ‘karma’ or the phrase ‘what goes around comes around’ serves as self-evaluation that would result of self-judgment.   Sometimes, the self judges very harshly, hence , one could just imagine the tendency that I may have done just to avoid the word ‘karma’ before it comes to mind that there could some good in it.   The experience has therefore brought me into the reality of experiencing the meaning of words into my life that though as one is just a word; it carries a message that could turn on or off oneâ⠂¬â„¢s mood in a day.   This is not surprising because I believe that man is created also an emotional being although he is endowed with a rational mind.   What is to interesting with emotion is that is what one feels at the moment and most of the sometimes, what one feels is more powerful than what one thinks.   In trying therefore to reflect on the meaning of karma in this paper, I have to admit that words or phrases could change or could have different meaning at different times.   Thus the need to have updated dictionaries.   Let us apply on how Oxford English Dictionary defines the word ‘karma’ in two ways.   One definition for the word goes this way: â€Å"From the Sanskrit word (meaning ‘action’ or ‘effect’) used in Hinduism and Buddhism to refer to the principle by which a person’s actions in this world determine the fate that awaits him or her after death.   In English the word is sometimes used more loosely to refer to the processes of destiny, and it has sometimes been chosen as a given name with reference to this idea.†[1] Its other definition goes this way: â€Å"the sum of a person’s actions in this and previous states of existence, viewed as affecting their future fate.†[2]   Comparing the two defi nitions by the same dictionary does not make much difference as to the meaning referring to after life consequences. Exploration of other viewpoints about the phrase and how the meaning of the phrase or word ‘karma’ has changed over time, how the phrase was formed, etc. Let us take what other old viewpoints using the phrase ‘What comes around goes around’ or word ‘karma’ and let us take still another who has used the phrase in the context of a given statement.   There is such phrases as law of Karma under various names and this include â€Å"the law of compensation†; â€Å"the law of balance†; † the law of action and re-action†.[3] One could easily get some connection with the author’s explanation of the term as bringing it judgment, correcting all wrongs, punishing all vices, and rewarding all virtues.   The inevitability of cause and effect means and ends, and seed and fruit are simply there.   A man’s normal reading of that interpretation by the author would be to look at the cause if something could be done so that the necessary good effect will come out.   One this note therefore the word ‘karma’ from 1894 had had already a positive or negative meaningâ€℠¢ and as I now realize, it may be that I was not that attentive of its meaning then.   I mean, the term could mean also to be positive and not just negative. Ward explained further the use of the term ‘karma; allows equating it with the law as justice, and when viewed in its applications,   Ã‚  an action of an individual has with it retribution.   If such is the case, there is also reason to agree with authors’ conclusion that â€Å"every secret is told, every crime is punished, every virtue rewarded, every wrong redressed, in silence and certainty.†[4] One could see from karma that nothing comes by accident, that what one reaps, what he or she has sown. There is therefore a universal rule that giving love brings further love.   Sowing brings further reaping.   In more concrete application, it may mean money begets money. The phrase â€Å"What goes around†¦Ã‚   Comes Around† happened to be the third single from Justin Timberlake’s second solo album FutureSex/LoveSounds which was released in 2006.[5] People who could relate with the song may interpret the part ‘going around’ as where Timberlake mourned how his ex-lover may have wounded him and in ‘coming around’ as referring how the law of balance came into effect, as Timberlake’s ex-lover new boyfriend now treat said ex-lover in like manner the woman treated Timberlake in the ‘going around’ portion of the song. Synthesis of two parts Comparing my personal experience and other’s viewpoints with the word or phrase puts me now into the questions: ‘Do I have a different connotation of the word or phrase with theirs?   What, if any?   If there is no difference, justify.’ I feel that the meaning of the word to me changed overtime as how others may have changed it. Phrases or terms or words are just means to communicate meanings .When one encounters how a word or phrase is meant by other   the person so encountered, he or she also makes a meaning out of how he or she understood the word or phrase in the outside world.  Ã‚   When that new meaning comes into the person, the latter could use the word in a sentence or in expressing thoughts to others.   When many people agree about the usage of phrase of terms or word these agreements and confirmations, produce a part of culture.   This is when people adjust with other members of society as to giving birth to the general acceptability of the word.[6] It could be said that difference in the meanings of the word ‘karma’ was not really meant in 1894.[7]   Ã‚  It was my mind who created a difference of the meaning because of my lack of exposure to the meaning of karma, that there could also be a good karma not just good karma.   This therefore   brings me another reality that knowledge of one thing or even a simple word and its meaning to every one vary across different people until that person realizes that he or she must understand what others really give to that word so that person could actually relate under a bigger world.   If the world speaks with one word or one language, perhaps the world could be a more peaceful world.   But across cultures are different languages with different words that may have different meanings. Conclusion: There is basis to uphold the thesis that if one would want to examine one’s self about the meaning of a word or phrase by comparison with what others mean with the word or phrase, one will find confirmation of similarity or change in meaning in relation to time. Confirmation of similarity or change in meaning requires one to be honest about the true meaning of the word to himself or herself. After accepting the truth, one must be ready to what is meant by the word or phrase as accepted by majority of people.   The best proof of this is the use of dictionary, which implies that the word may have its meaning reached the point of general acceptability[8].   This may not be hard to understand as human beings communicate using words or terms, and by them, the people’s experience of the word or phrase will be given recognition and acceptance.   I believe that words are defined and used in dictionaries, which may have evolved and changed over time including the chance of expanding the original meaning and even eventually returning to the old meaning. Works Cited: David Kaufer, Suguru Ishizaki, Brian Butler, Jeff Collins, The Power of Words: Unveiling the Speaker and Writer’s Hidden Craft ; Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2004 Mark Guarino, M.;   Out from the Cocoon Timberlake Re-emerges without Squeaky Clean Image; Daily Herald (Arlington Heights, IL), August 24, 2006 New Fowler’s Modern English Usage, Magazine article; The Atlantic Monthly, Vol. 278, December 1996 Oxford University Press, Compact Oxford English Dictionary,2007 {www document} URL http://www.askoxford.com/firstnames/karma?view=uk, Accessed May 29,2007 Ward, P.C. Emerson and Theosophy, A Paper read before the Chiswick Lodge of the Theosophical Society ,December 12th, 1892, 1894 {www document}   http://www.theosophical.ca/EmersonTheosophyPCW.html, Accessed May 29,2007 Oxford University Press, (2007)   Ibid Ward, Emerson and Theosophy by P.C. Ward, F.T.S.   A Paper read before the Chiswick Lodge of the Theosophical Society ,December 12th, 1892, 1894 {www document}   http://www.theosophical.ca/EmersonTheosophyPCW.html, Accessed May 29,2007   Ibid Guarino,   Out from the Cocoon Timberlake Re-emerges without Squeaky Clean Image; Daily Herald (Arlington Heights, IL), August 24, 2006 New Fowler’s Modern English Usage , Magazine article; The Atlantic Monthly, Vol. 278, December 1996 Ward, Emerson and Theosophy, see above David Kaufer, Suguru Ishizaki, Brian Butler, Jeff Collins, The Power of Words: Unveiling the Speaker and Writer’s Hidden Craft ; Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2004 How to cite What Goes Around Comes Around (Karma), Essay examples

Analysing Organisational Structure and Performance

Question: Discuss about the Analysing Organisational Structure and Performance. Answer: Introduction: The following paper is going to analyse the organisational structure of Qantas Airways Australia. The analysis is going to be a business level analysis. Qantas Airways is the largest domestic and international airline in Australia. Qantas started its business in the country in the year 2012 on 13th April with the operation of its first commercial flight. The main business of the Qantas group is its airlines brands. Qantas links more than 50 cities in the country and almost all the countries in the world. It has more than two hundred and fifty aircrafts in daily operation among which 160 aircrafts are operated in doemestic purpose and the rest are operated overseas. Qantas Airways have three sister organisations- Qantas, QantasLink and Jetstar. In the organisation, there are more than nine million members and more than four hundred active program partners. As a business and service organisation Qantas has been providing the best service to the Autralian and international customers for more than five years. The loyalty of Qantas has been reportedly successful due to more than 50% household interventions (Australian Competition and Consumer Commission 2017). Brief Idea on Organisational Structure: Organisational structure is a concept or a process by which the program of an organisation is set through allocation of work to the particular organisation members, coordination of the employees in order to confirm the best organisational culture and supervision of work in order to ensure the quality of work done by the employees and the managers. The basic structure of an organisation is set by the directors of it (Ashkenas et al. 2015). Organisational structure is categorised in different segments. The segments vary depending on the designed model of organisation. Basic structure comprises of an individual, it may consist of a department or branch of the company or a workgroup (Watson 2013). Followings are the general categories of the organisational structure: Classification of Organisation Structure of Qantas: The Qantas airways has clearly defined and structured the model of its organisational team in order to confirm specific business practices within it. This is how the corporate governance is practiced. The company has clearly structured the Hierarchy community phenotype model providing different specific roles to the most suitable employees and the teams (Wang 2016). This model follows the both the hierarchical participation and community participation practices in order to strengthen the ladder of community building in the company (Cummings and Worley 2014). Community building is highly prioritised by the present CEOs of Qantas domestic, Qantas International and QantasLink. The Chief Financial Officer of the Qantas Group Tino La Spina has also decided to frame a particular structure of the working employees in the organisation. The recent change of the Chief executive Officers of the Qantas group has been announced by the board of directors who hold the power of ultimate decision mak ing pertaining to the core business practice of the organisation (Perrott 2015). The company has shown its belief on the long term working employees as most of the recruited CEOs and the CFO have been working with the group for more than 15 to twenty years(Qantas.com.au, 2017). Qantas group has specified its departments in the following departments following the standard model of structure in the particular industry- Type of Qantas Organisational Structure: The companys structure is absolutely post-bureaucratic in nature. As the company implements total quality management i.e. culture management and matrix management it definitely falls into that category. According to Shafritz, Ott and Jang (2015), a company falls under post-bureaucratic structure if it has proper formalisation of the working groups, codification of the working rules and ethics and proper enforcement of the terms for the employees. Since, Qantas has been following all the rules and enforcing them stringently and strategically upon the employees, it can be considered as a company having post-bureaucratic structure. The departmental heads of the company enjoys absolute power in making firm decision for the sake of business growth of it (Annosi, Khanagha and Magnusson 2015). The company also follows divisional structure as it empowers the divisional heads to operate divisional functions. Qantas has been working skilfully to ensure work division upon the workers according to the departments. Local coordination between the employees is also taken care of. In the international level, the company has been able to comprise divisive workforce that has successfully linked departments like engineering and finance, attendance and logistics, marketing and human resources. However, every department is held responsible for the success of the other (Qantas.com.au 2017). This model was designed by Griffiths and his scholarly group. They structured the model from the concept of genetics. In terms of management and business, active participation of the workers or the employees in different sectors- formal hierarchical and informal community- is accounted. The model concerns about their mode of community building and way of expression. Qantas Airways has the vast potentiality of involving the employees in formal hierarchical and informal community participation. This is how the company maintains the Hierarchy Community Model (March 2013). Independence of the Directors: The company, while maintaining the terms of the Corporations Act, has been providing ample independence to the directors to determine and take rightful and positive decisions pertaining to the welfare of the company (Homsombat and Fu 2014). In case of corporate governance, continuous development of the directors is a vital part of the company. Diversity is another unique criterion of Qantas Airways while structuring the upper level body i.e. the body of governance. Diversity in leadership has been one of the main focuses of the company while structuring the corporate body (Murray 2014). It has, therefore, created a diversified council for the Chief Executive Officers. The Diversity Council has regular working objective and the council meet together on a regular basis in order to analyse the present business operations as well as to propose future business strategies. In the Financial Year 2015-16 the council was seen o have taken some important initiatives regarding the strategic pla nning on the market as well as on the lower level organisational structure(Qantas.com 2017). Structural policies of the company: The company has created several policies in order to resolve structural problems and issues. This was done in order to highlight whether the employees working in different working communities have any grievances pertaining to the role and governance of the company. However, legitimate grievances are considered from the higher level (Gross and Dreizler 2013). Employee Share Trading policy: This policy is one of the stringent policies made by the company in order to set limitations for the employees from taking part in the higher level governance. The policy was structured to ensure that the employees do not breach the security terms and conditions designed by the organisation (Su, Baird and Schoch 2015). This policy was designed in order to allow the employees make report of the illegal and illegitimate concerns or activities happeing in the different level in the company. This was designed so that the employees remain loyal to the company and set proper working environment (Lucarelli 2014). Influences on Structure: Different company issues and positivity have effective influence on the organisational structure of it (Dischner 2015). Followings are the influences that may have different impacts on the structure of an organisation: Organisational Culture: Qantas Airways is known for its positive culture and behaviour of the employees. The companies are highly motivated to express their urge of creativity. Business Strategy: organisational structure of a company is set according to the desgned business strategy and Qantas is of no exception. From the higher level governance to the class four staff- the company has been structuring and guiding the workforce to provide best service to the customers (Adizes, Cudanov and Rodic 2017). Current Structural Issues: The massive problem that the company has been facing or it is rather worthy to say what the company is criticised for is the frequent change in the managerial workforce division. It has been found that the managers are often shifted or replaced by the new comers. The other issues, which is rather a minor one, is that the company often becomes stringent to maintain its policies. Constant change in the organisational policies has been affecting the structure of the organisation. The effects have attitudes of duality. Conclusion: Organisational structure is one of the key factors behind the success of a company. There are multiple effects of organisational structure- starting from organisational behaviour to the higher level corporate business. Qantas has been one of the largest airliners in the world. This massiveness of the company has different structural design altogether. It has helped the company in measuring performance of it. It can easily be concluded that the organisational structure of Qantas Airways is a cohesive and well designed one affecting the overall performance of the company in a positive way. Reference: Adizes, I., Cudanov, M. and Rodic, D., 2017. Timing of Proactive Organizational Consulting: Difference between Organizational Perception and Behaviour.Amfiteatru Economic,19(44), p.232. Annosi, M.C., Khanagha, S. and Magnusson, M., 2015. Breaking the iron cage: A multi-level perspective towards organizational control in post-bureaucratic structure. InStrategic Management Special Conference, St. Gallen, 2015. Ashkenas, R., Ulrich, D., Jick, T. and Kerr, S., 2015.The boundaryless organization: Breaking the chains of organizational structure. John Wiley Sons. Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. 2017. Cartels case studies legal cases. [online] Available at: https://www.accc.gov.au/business/anti-competitive-behaviour/cartels/cartels-case-studies-legal-cases [Accessed 26 Mar. 2017]. Burke, W.W., 2013.Organization change: Theory and practice. Sage Publications. Cummings, T.G. and Worley, C.G., 2014.Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Dischner, S., 2015. Organizational structure, organizational form, and counterproductive work behavior: A competitive test of the bureaucratic and post-bureaucratic views.Scandinavian Journal of Management,31(4), pp.501-514. Gross, E.K. and Dreizler, R.M. eds., 2013.Density functional theory(Vol. 337). Springer Science Business Media. Homsombat, W., Lei, Z. and Fu, X., 2014. Competitive effects of the airlines-within-airlines strategyPricing and route entry patterns.Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review,63, pp.1-16. Lucarelli, G., 2014. The corporate strategy of Qantas Airways. A case study. March, J.G., 2013.Handbook of Organizations (RLE: Organizations)(Vol. 20). Routledge. Murray, P.A., 2014. Organisational structure and strategic control. Perrott, B.E., 2015. Building the sustainable organization: an integrated approach.Journal of Business Strategy,36(1), pp.41-51. Qantas.com. 2017. Corporate Governance | Qantas. [online] Available at: https://www.qantas.com/travel/airlines/governance-structure/global/en Qantas.com.au. 2017. Corporate Governance and Structure. [online] Available at: https://www.qantas.com.au/infodetail/about/corporateGovernance/2016CorpGov.pdf [Accessed 26 Mar. 2017]. Qantas.com.au. 2017. Qantas Press Release. [online] Available at: https://www.qantas.com.au/infodetail/about/investors/qantas-sustainability-review-2013.pdf Shafritz, J.M., Ott, J.S. and Jang, Y.S., 2015.Classics of organization theory. Cengage Learning. Su, S., Baird, K. and Schoch, H., 2015. The moderating effect of organisational life cycle stages on the association between the interactive and diagnostic approaches to using controls with organisational performance.Management Accounting Research,26, pp.40-53. Wang, S., 2016. Structural Expansion vs. Structural Reorganization.Browser Download This Paper. Watson, T., 2013.Management, organisation and employment strategy: New directions in theory and practice. Routledge.

The Omega Man free essay sample

The Omega Man is a film that appeals to the social conscience of its viewer. Charlton Heston plays Army Colonel Robert Neville, a scientist, living in post-World War III Los Angeles. Neville finds himself the last man on earth after taking a experimental vaccine for the disease that wiped out humanity a few years before. Those who are left are infected and have bound together as â€Å"The Family†, inspired by the real life events of Charles Manson and his ‘Family’. Members of this group who are living with the effects of the biological warfare, believe that the problems of humanity were caused by the sciences they developed not the socio-political mistakes that caused this world war between China and the Soviet Union. They view Neville as a symbol of that time, a â€Å"refuse of the past† and want him â€Å"discarded† (Matthias – film). As Neville constantly fights for his survival he find he is not the last man on earth. We will write a custom essay sample on The Omega Man or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He comes across a black woman named Lisa, played by Rosalind Cash, and finds that there are a handful of children and a young medical student, who while infected, have not yet turned like the albino disillusioned â€Å"Family† members; they still look human. He uses his blood to try and save those that are left and falling in love in the process. While both the book and film main focus is on post war apocalyptic America, a subplot of the film is its racial undertones. Matthias: One creature, caught. Caught in a place he cannot stir from in the dark, alone, outnumbered hundreds to one, nothing to live for but his memories, nothing to live with but his gadgets, his cars, his guns, gimmicks and yet the whole family cant bring him down from that, that Zachary: Honky paradise, brother? Matthias: Forget the old ways, brother, all the old hatreds. (film) With â€Å"I am Legend† being influenced by its era of McCarthyism and Matheson’s involvement as a soldier in World War II, â€Å"The Omega Man† shows its influence of the early 1970’s. The film released in 1971 was coming off the high created by ‘vietnamization’, the death of civil rights leader Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and the Black Panther Movement. Ironically Charlton Heston marched with Dr. King during a time when many in Hollywood ignored the political issues and hid behind the celluloid. Heston spoke avidly against racism of all people and not just minorities as well used his influence to further the involvement of black actors in Hollywood. Heston demanded that his female lead, Lisa, be played by stage actress Rosalind Cash after seeing her first silver screen role in â€Å"Klute† (IMDB). The role of Lisa, the re-imagined Ruth from the book, reflects the more ‘militant’ role many black characters portrayed in the films of that day. Although Lisa can be superficially categorized as a blaxploitation type, her character can also â€Å"tap into women empowerment† and not just the civil rights movement (Midnight). The relationship that they portrayed in the movie raised a few eyebrows during a time when Heston was known as Moses and Cash was just a beautiful black woman. Lisa: [drawing blood from Neville for a vaccine] Will one bottle be enough? Neville: Its genuine 160-proof old Anglo-Saxon baby. film) There is a scene where Lisa asks Neville what he is thinking. Neville responds with, â€Å"Well you know the old song, If you were the only girl in the world and I were the only boy, okay, but until then dont bother me? I guess Im the only boy. Neville admits with that statement if this apocalypse had not have happened they would not be in this situat ion. This seemed like a silent acknowledgement of the fact that at that time in 1971, race relations had come a long way, creating a generation gap of sorts, but not long enough to fully accept interracial coupling. To this day you see very little black/white interracial or any combination of interracial relationships in Hollywood. After that rather cheesy attempt seduction in the film, it is obvious that Heston and Cash’s characters progressed into a sexual relationship. Heston claims it is the first on the silver screen, which is debatable considering the movie â€Å"Guess Who’s Coming To Dinner†, but it showed a nude Rosalind Cash standing at window in broad daylight. I am sure that was the first look at not only a naked woman but a statuesque black woman for many men of that time. Though Matheson has stated he didn’t like â€Å"The Omega Man†, it is now a cult classic in the science fiction genre. Matheson has also stated that this is book is simply meant to be a book about a lone man surviving in a world full of vampires, inspired by his first viewing of â€Å"Dracula† as a child. Matheson cannot deny how his 1954 novel can spawn a film such as â€Å"The Omega Man† and be interpreted as a body of work that is â€Å"coded implication or overt symbolism, the association of the implosion of racial boundaries with dystopian and apocalyptic visions of the future.

buy custom Parkinson Disease essay

buy custom Parkinson Disease essay Parkinsons disease refers to a mental degeneration condition that takes place when the substantia niagra in the brain become impaired or die (Waters, 2008). These nerve cells produce dopamine, which is a crucial chemical for allowing coordinated and smooth function of the muscles in the body. Parkinson diseases symptoms appear when about 70 percent of the cells that produce dopamine undergo degeneration (Stone, 2011). Development of the symptoms is slow and progresses gradually over many years. However, the use of medication can considerably alleviate the symptoms. This discussion will consider causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Causes of Parkinson Disease Parkinsons disease occurs because of deficiency of dopamine as the concerned brain cells die or degenerate (Stone, 2011). Therefore, a number of symptoms occur when the chemical messenger lacks or become deficient in the brain, which scientists have not yet discovered its causes. Research has shown that low levels of norepinephrine may also lead to the development of Parkinsons disease among the adult population (Stone, 2011). Researchers have found that Parkinsons disease may develop because of faulty genes and unfavorable environmental factors. In most people, Parkinson's disease arises in a sporadic manner without a clear cause, which means that the disease is idiopathic (Waters, 2008). However, quite a number of people have close relatives who are suffering from Parkinson's disease. Research has shown that this disease is hereditary and, thus, the progeny has a high likelihood of having Parkinsons disease once individuals are forty years or older (Stone, 2011). By carrying on research on families that have hereditary Parkinson's disease, researchers have identified a number of genes that have a close association with this disorder. Studies on these genes are extremely significant because they help individuals understand the causes of Parkinson's disease as well as the discovery of effective drugs to treat the disorder (Stone, 2011). Exposure to some viruses or toxins may lead to the emergency of Parkinson's symptoms and signs. Studies have shown that rural areas, domestic consumption of well water, and exposure to paper mills, pesticides, or herbicides may increase persons likelihood of developing this disorder (Stone, 2011). Symptoms of Parkinson Disease Parkinsons disease has both primary and secondary symptoms. The primary symptoms have a close association with involuntary and voluntary motor function. At first symptoms are moderate, but may become complex over time (Factor Weiner, 2008). People experience symptoms differently with some experiencing severe symptoms when in other people the symptoms are mild. Research has shown that primary symptoms will appear when patients have lost about 60 percent or more of the cells that produce dopamine in the brain (Stone, 2011). The motor symptoms of Parkinsons disease include tremors, rigidity, Bradykinesia, postural instability, and parkinsonian gait. Some of the secondary symptoms of Parkinsons disease are anxiety, memory loss, depression, constipation, and increased sweating. Tremors include trembling in hands, fingers, arms, legs, feet, head, or jaw. Patients most often tremors experience while resting, but not when performing a task. When the patient is tired or excited, tremors may become worse (Stone, 2011). Another symptom that patients display is rigidity, which is the stiffness of the trunk and limbs. The stiffness may increase when the patient moves. Rigidity may lead to aches and pain in muscle especially when the muscles undergoes contraction and expansion due to movement (Stone, 2011). Bradykinesia is another symptom of Parkinsons disease in which the patients voluntary movement becomes extremely slow. Over time, the patient may not be ble to move efficiently because the muscular contraction and expansion may fail altogether. Bradykinesia and stiffness can have an effect on the facial muscles, resulting in an unexpressive appearance. Patients may also display postural instability, which is the inability to maintain balance due to impairment of reflexes (Stone, 2011). The patient may fall because of postural instability and, thus, people should assist them so that they do not obtain injuries. Over time, patients develop Parkinsonian gait, which is a shuffling walk in a stooping gait and absent or diminished arm swing. Some individuals experience secondary symptoms, which include anxiety, memory loss, depression, constipation, increased sweating, just to mention a few symptoms (Stone, 2011).> Diagnosis of Parkinson Disease Diagnosis of Parkinsons disease depends on the physical examination and symptoms of the disorder (Factor Weiner, 2008. For instance, a symptom such as trembling is extremely significant for those people suffering from Parkinson's disease, which distinguishes the disorder from other diseases that lead to tremors as a symptom. Individuals with Parkinson's disease tend to in a shuffling and stooping gait without or with little self-generated arm swinging, which is odd. Sometimes, doctors order tests, such as blood tests, to determine whether the symptoms are of medical origin or they are hereditary (Factor Weiner, 2008. Treatment of Parkinson Disease Currently, there is no cure for Parkinsons disease, but scientists have discovered and made various therapies that can delay the appearance of motor symptoms and alleviate the symptoms (Factor Weiner, 2008. Such therapies are useful in increasing the level of dopamine either by mimicking dopamine, replacing dopamine, or inhibiting the breakdown of dopamine to prolong its effects. Research has shown that the use of therapy before the onset of motor symptoms can delay the onset and extend the patients quality life (Stone, 2011). Levodopa is among the most effective therapies, which undergoes conversion into dopamine. However, due to long-term treatment, levodopa can cause harmful side effects, such as involuntary movements and painful cramps (Stone, 2011). Another drug that is useful in the treatment of Parkinsons disease is a monoamine oxidase type B (Stone, 2011). This drug mimics dopamine and reduces its disintegration, and it relieves motor symptoms effectively. This medication, h owever, has side effects, including nausea, constipation, hallucinations, dizziness, and selling of body tissues. Therefore, Parkinsons disease is the disease that affects the central nervous system due to the degeneration of cells that are responsible in the production of dopamine. Body muscles fail to coordinate normally due to deficient dopamine. Various drugs such as levodopa and monoamine oxidase type B are effective in the treatment of this disorder, but they have unpleasant side effects because of long-term use (Stone, 2011). Buy custom Parkinson Disease essay

Using and Conjugating the Spanish Verb Oler

Using and Conjugating the Spanish Verb Oler Just as the verb to smell can be used to refer to the act of smelling or the act of producing an odor, so can the Spanish verb oler. But the verbs are used in somewhat different ways in the two languages. Oler comes from the Latin verb olÄ“re and is related to a few English words such as olfactory and odor. How To Use Oler Oler is usually used with a direct object when telling what a person or creature smells: Me gusta oler las flores. (I like smelling the flowers.)Mi hermano no podà ­a oler la comida. (My brother couldnt smell his meal.)Olà ­amos el aire fresco del bosque. (We smelled the fresh air of the forest.) Oler can also be used figuratively in the same way:  ¡Casi puedo oler la libertad! (I can almost smell freedom!) To describe what something smells like, you can use oler a: El coche olà ­a a gasolina. (The car smelled of gasoline.)Desde que comencà © a amamantar a mi bebà © siento que huelo a vaca. (Since I started to nurse my baby I have felt that I smell like a cow.)Tu casa huele a tabaco. (Your house smells of tobacco.)No huele a los baratos perfumes. (It doesnt smell like the cheap perfumes.) Again, oler can be used this way figuratively: La casa olà ­a a dinero. (The house smelled of money.) Without an object, oler can refer to the act of smelling: No puedo oler desde hace aà ±os. (I havent been able to smell for years.) When used with an indirect-object pronoun, oler can be used to mean to suspect or to seem that when it has that meaning: Me huele que el problema no es de tu ordenador. (It seems to me that the problem isnt with your computer.)A mà ­ me huele que fuiste bruja en la vida pasada. (I suspect that you were a witch in your previous life.)Ya le ha olido lo que estamos haciendo. (She already suspects what we were doing.) The reflexive form also can be used to express suspicion: Me lo olà ­a yo desde el sbado. (Ive suspected it since Saturday.)Cuando se huele algo se evoca la memoria emocional. (When you suspect something it triggers the emotional memory.) Full Simple Conjugation of Oler Oler is conjugated regularly except that the o- of the stem changes to hue- when stressed. The irregular forms are shown below in boldface: Present indicative: yo huelo, tà º hueles, usted/à ©l/ella huele, nosotros/as olemos, vosotros/as olà ©is, ustedes/ellos/ellas huelen (I smell, you smell, you/he/she smell/smells, we smell, you smell, they smell) Imperfect indicative: yo olà ­a, tà º olà ­as, usted/à ©l/ella olà ­a, nosotros/as olà ­amos, vosotros/as olà ­as, ustedes/ellos/ellas olà ­an (I used to smell, you used to smell, etc.) Preterite indicative: yo olà ­, tà º oliste, usted/à ©l/ella olià ³, nosotros/as olimos, vosotros/as olà ­as, ustedes/ello/ellas olà ­an (I smelled, you smelled, etc.) Future indicative: yo olerà ©, tà º olers, usted/à ©l/ella oler, nosotros/as oleremos, vosotros/as olerà ©is, ustedes/ellos/ellas olern (I will smell, you will smell, etc.) Conditional: yo olerà ­a, tà º olerà ­as, usted/à ©l/ella olerà ­a, nosotros/as olerà ­amos, vosotros/as olerà ­ais, ustedes/ellos/ellas olerà ­an (I would smell, you would smell, etc.) Present subjunctive: que yo huela, que tà º huelas, que usted/à ©l/ella huela, que nosotros/as olamos, que vosotros/as olis, que ustedes/ellos/ellas huelan (that I smell, that you smell, etc.) Imperfect subjunctive (more common form): que yo oliera, que tà º olieras, que usted/à ©l/ella oliera, que nosotros/as olià ©ramos, que vosotros/as olierais, que ustedes/ellos/ellas olieran (that I smelled, that you smelled, etc.) Imperfect subjunctive (less common form): que yo oliese, que tà º olieses, que usted/à ©l/ella oliese, que nosotros/as olià ©semos, que vosotros/as olieseis, que ustedes/ellos/ellas oliesen (that I smelled, that you smelled, etc.) Imperative: huele tà º, no huelas tà º, huela usted, olamos nosotros/as, oled vosotros/as, no olis vosotros/as, huelan ustedes (Smell! Dont smell! Lets smell! Smell! Dont smell! Smell!) Compound Conjugations of Oler Perfect forms of oler use the appropriate form of haber with the part participle, olido. For example, the first-person indicative perfect of oler is he olido (I have smelled). Progressive (or continuous) forms are formed with the present participle, oliendo, and the appropriate form of estar. For example, the first-person indicative present progressive form of oler is estoy oliendo (I am smelling). Both past and present participles are conjugated regularly. Key Takeaways The verb oler can refer to smelling something or to giving off an odor.The phrase oler a is the equivalent of the English phrases to smell of and to smell like.Most forms of oler are conjugated regularly, although the stem changes when stressed.

Survey Data analysis Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Survey Data analysis - Coursework Example A large majority (94%) of the students work and of these, 83% were sponsored by their organizations to study at the college. The level in an organization at which most of these worked at can be defined in the following graph. Of these working students, 9% have worked 0 years in HR, 17% have worked 1-1.5 years, 18% worked 2-2.5 years, 13% worked 3-3.5 years, 6% worked 4-4.5 years while 35% have worked 5 years and more. This shows an equal distribution in the work experience of the students. 8% of the people work in organizations that employ 50 employees or less, 17% in organizations with employees between 50 and 200 while a large majority of 66% works in organizations that employs more than 500 employees. This shows greater orientation of larger organization employees to join HR courses at ARU. Furthermore, 49% of the working students are employed in organizations with HR departments that have 10 or less employees. 34% of the working students are in organizations with HR employees between 11 and 50 and 14% are in organizations with more than 50 HR employees. 3 respondents did not answer the question. 57% of the working students work for the private sector, 35% in the public sector, 7% for non-profits and 1% for university. 35% of the working students study less than 5 hours per week while 57% study 5 hours or more. The students were also questioned about when they study. Majority of the students studied on weekends and the second most popular time was study in the evenings. The following figure displays the common responses and their frequency. Students were also questioned about what library timings they preferred. 22% wanted the timing on the weekends to be extended, 37% wanted the 24 hour model while 31% were satisfied with the original timings. This shows that the majority wanted more flexibility with regard to their study timings in the library. Students

Value Chain Analysis of Michelin Group Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Value Chain Analysis of Michelin Group - Essay Example As per Value Chain Analysis there are specific activities that cumulatively determine the position of the company. These are the primary and secondary activities. Primary activities include inbound logistics, Operations, Outbound logistics, Marketing and sales and Service. The Support activities are Procurement, Human Resource Management, Technology Development and Firm Infrastructure. (Roberts, 134-35) The Value Chain Analysis of Michelin would be based on these criteria. The position of Michelin in the tire industry is very well placed. The main aspect of the success story of Michelin is that they produce quality materials at an affordable price and is wonderfully backed by very efficient team of after sales service. In addition to that Michelin is helped in an extremely positive manner from the field of advertisements. The Michelin Man can be enumerated as a icon in not only the tire industry but the essence has reached beyond that. However, it can be mentioned that the inability to tap the heavy automobile industry in a full extent remains a greater weakness of the company. In this context it should be mentioned that the Annual Report 2006 promises to better this particular sector. In today's world market of tire business Michelin holds a very prominent presence. With the current market being a $100 billion industry the position of Michelin is noteworthy. These two leading figures were followed by Goodyear with 17.2% of the market share. (King, 122) The rest of the market segments were divided among other average sized manufacturers with a cumulative amount 28.8% of the market share. Further more, it was reported that an additional 17% of tire sales was instrumented by local producers. (Lock, 245-46) Thus being a huge player if the world tire industry the effective Value Chain Analysis of Michelin becomes more important. The Value Chain Analysis can be enumerated as below: Inbound logistics of Michelin shows that the raw materials and storage and handling c harges of materials increased by about 12% from 2005 to 2006. On the other hand it was found that the Operations relating to the production of products was almost at par with the last few years (2002-2006) with an increase of 6%. (Annual report: 2002, 201)The same cannot be said for the operations outbound segment and there was an increase of 5% on the valuation of production channeling. However the Marketing and sales indicated that the company showed an additional usage of 9.6% for the means of promotion and advertisements. The services sector under the determination of Value Chain Analysis showed that the total valuation was raised by about 3% reflecting the developing market structure in favor of the company. (Kar, 201-205) The support activities when taken into consideration also show a similar amount of development in terms of net valuation for the company. The procurement factor reflected the variables that enabled Michelin to get the best possible materials for the lowest pr ice and in this context it ca be summarized as a net gain of 15% in relation to 2005.

Turn exchanges in an interpreted professor-student conference Essay Example for Free

Turn exchanges in an interpreted professor-student conference Essay In professional discussions, papers, books, and pamphlets about interpreting, there is Ð ° largely underlying assumption that if speakers are talking back and forth, interpreters should make it possible for them to seem as if they are talking directly to one another. Although it may be possible at times for speakers to feel as if they are talking directly to each other, they are not. They are always exchanging speaking turns with the interpreter. In interpreted conversations, just as in ordinary discourse, turns can be analyzed in terms of their structural characteristics. And, again as in ordinary discourse, some turns cannot be accounted for solely in terms of structural qualities. Some turns come about because participants take turns for reasons congruent with their roles. Turns are complex exchanges because, although the intent and content of Ð ° turn originates with each speaker, the interpreter has to allocate and manage the conversational exchange. Turns are complicated entities because, upon hearing or seeing utterances whose meaning resides in other than linguistic form, interpreters have to make decisions from Ð ° range of possible choices. Choices have to include appropriate lexical and grammatical features, layered social meanings, possibilities for transition, and possibilities to elicit Ð ° response from yet another range of possible responses. Choosing an appropriate interpretation also depends on factors such as the relative status of the speakers and desired outcomes for the situation. For example, suppose Ð ° supervisor asks an employee this question: Would you mind typing this for me? Is this really Ð ° question or is it Ð ° polite request to type Ð ° paper? How immediate is this request? Interpreters have to select an utterance that may or may not be Ð ° question but must include the force of the request, the indirectness (if indirectness is appropriate in the other language), and Ð ° type that will elicit an appropriate response. The analysis of the transcript revealed that turn exchanges are occurring between the interpreter and Ð ° primary speaker. Even though the content and intent of the turn originates with each primary speaker, the two speakers are not talking directly to each other in the sense that they are exchanging the direct surface signals of their respective languages. In interpreted events, speakers exchange speaking turns with the interpreter in their own languages. In this interpreted conversation, four categories of turns presented themselves: regular turns, turns around pauses and lag, overlapping turns, and turns initiated by the Interpreter. It is also the case that phenomena around turns, such as pauses, lags, overlapping talk, and simultaneous turns, are going to occur naturally and as they are created by all three participants. The ongoing recognition of such discourse features are part of an interpreters competence, and the resolution of discourse confusion, if necessary, belongs primarily to the interpreter. Regular Turns In this section, І present examples from the transcript of regular turns, or smooth transitions (Sacks et al. 1974) regular turns in interpreting resemble regular turns in ordinary face-to-face conversation. The examples demonstrate how the interpreter and one or both speakers exchange turns and how Ð ° smooth, regular exchange in interpreting takes place. At this point, let me say Ð ° few words about reading the transcript. The transcript is 253 line segments long. In the following examples, the number at the beginning of each line segments represents its place among the 253 lines. Within each segment, there is Ð ° line for each participant, the Professor (P), the Student (S), and the Interpreter (І). They are either speaking or are silent. American Sign Language is represented by all caps. English is represented by regular type. There is no transcription or gloss for the Students ASL because the Interpreter provides Ð ° translation either within the same line or by the next line segment. Similarly, there is no gloss for the Interpreters ASL because there is an English rendition immediately before. Because ASL is not Ð ° written language and because grammatical relationships can be marked on the face, hands, and through movement and space, ASL is represented by glosses which are literal English representations of some part of the corresponding ASL lexical item. Therefore the meaning represented here is always somewhat skewed or simplified. Finally, І remind readers that the study has taken moments in real time that happened very quickly and has frozen them for Ð ° long, careful description and analysis. The Interpreter, then, has formed an utterance that is Ð ° lexical choice and has also chosen Ð ° prosodic cue for English which, in turn, produces Ð ° response. Interpreter translations are composed of more than lexical, phrasal, or syntactic choices. Choices of prosodic or paralinguistic cues are also required. on the surface, the nature of this exchange is that, the Professor takes turns with the Interpreter. It makes sense those speakers take turns in relation to the linguistic utterance they understand. Thus, turn-taking as an organizational system of conversation occurs between the Interpreter and Ð ° primary speaker and between the Interpreter and the other primary speaker. Why is it necessary to point out this seemingly obvious fact? Primary speakers in interpreted settings are often encouraged to think of themselves as speaking directly to each other. They quickly discover, however, that this is not the case and intuitively understand that they are exchanging turns with the interpreter. Doing so naturally and unconsciously suggests to speakers that they treat the interpreter as Ð ° direct interlocutor. It is no wonder, then, that often we find primary speakers addressing interpreters as participants who can answer questions and give responses. one can also understand how talking directly to an interpreter comes about; it is natural, even ordinary. Here, the transition from Student, to Interpreter, to Professor is Ð ° transition without problems. No one exhibits signs of being uncomfortable, nor is there any discourse muddle. Ð  regular turn, then, can be labeled as such because of the naturalness and ease of transition.

The Woodlanders :: Free Essays Online

The Woodlanders Thomas Hardy, the author of The Woodlanders, is "considered one of the greatest novelist in English literature"(Vol. 4). This genius was born on June 2nd of 1840 in Bockhampton, Dorset, England. He was the oldest boy in his family. Hardy began his writing career in 1862, at the age of twenty-two. In 1867, at the age of twenty-seven, he wrote his first novel. The novel was entitled, The Poor Man and the Lady. Today only bits and pieces of this book remain. Some critics did not think that Hardy’s first book was cut out for publication. George Meredith, a reader for Chapman and Hall publishers, advised against the publication of The Poor Man and the Lady. He thought Hardy had potential and encouraged him to continue writing(Pettit). Practice makes perfect. In November of 1872, at the age of thirty-two, Hardy was asked to write a serial novel for Cornhill Magazine. This was the start of something really good for Hardy. Soon after this, his career sky rocketed and he started pumping out the manuscripts. In 1874, Hardy began writing Far from the Madding Crowd. He was engrossed in the making of this book; it consumed him. While attending college classes, he resorted to writing on leaves, woodchips, stones, and whatever else he could find while moving between classes. This book marked the turning point of his career. Not to long after this, his wife passed away. It did not seem that Hardy was too broken up over this tragedy because soon after his wife’s death, he married his secretary. The marriage only lasted for a little while because on January eleventh of 1928 Hardy died in his hometown of Dorset, England. His heart was buried in the "Wessex" countryside, in the parish churchyard at Stinsford. His ashes were placed next to those of Charles Dickens in Poet’s Corner of Westminster Abbey. Wessex is a fictional place in England that Hardy made up, and placed his novels in its scenery. Its lush landscape is what is described in most of Hardy’s novels, especially The Woodlanders. The book has been described as being "alive with landscape"(Woodlanders). James Wood describes the book by saying it "is an anguished and contradictory meditation on belonging, on what it means to be rooted in a place"(Woodlanders). Wood also says that Hardy’s works are like Shakespeare’s, except Hardy’s works are like hard comedies and hard tragedies. The Woodlanders was first published simultaneously in monthly serial parts in England’s Macmillan’s Magazine and in weekly parts in the United States in Harper’s Bazaar.

The Painted Door Theme Essay

James Sinclair Ross was a Canadian banker as well as an author. He was most well-known for his short stories set on the Canadian prairies. In Ross’ short story The Painted Door, Ann and her husband John live on a farm in Saskatchewan in the 1800s. While a snowstorm is approaching, John leaves for his father’s farm to help him look after the chores, leaving Ann by herself in the storm. The theme of The Painted Door is isolation leads to irrationality and misery. This can be seen in the characterization of Ann throughout the story, the isolated setting of their farm, and the symbolism of the storm.Throughout The Painted Door Ann struggles with an inner conflict as a result of her feelings of isolation. These emotions are not only present because of the isolated setting in which the story takes place, but also due to the loneliness caused by the distance between her and John in their marriage. John focuses on his work far too much for her liking and their communication ski lls have become less than satisfactory. As she looks out at the land she begins to feel lonely, and those emotions only increase as John leaves her alone to battle her conscience when he travels to his father’s farm.When Steven, John’s close friend, arrives to play cards and to keep her company, Ann begins to compare him to John to determine the better man. Ann thinks about Steven as she tends to the fire and makes observations such as, â€Å"His hair was dark and trim, his young lips curved soft and full. While John, she made the comparison swiftly, was thick-set, heavy-jowled, and stooped. (page 204)† Her comparisons of the two men in a back and forth fashion effectively display how conflicted Ann is as she is caught in a battle between her mind and her heart.Her descriptions of Steven make him appear to be more attractive and a gentleman, while John is the man she married, but has had trouble communicating with. As Ann compares the two men, she uses Stevenâ⠂¬â„¢s positive attributes and John’s flaws to convince herself that Steven is a better man. Her reasoning leads to her irrational choice to cheat on John with Steven, which can be seen as a reason for John’s death when he left the house during the storm with no intention of returning after catching the two of them.Ann’s isolation led to her making an irrational decision that ruined her marriage and will cause her to be even more lonely and miserable without John, the man she loves. The setting of The Painted Door is described in such a way that it enhances the feelings of isolation and misery in the story. Certain imagery is used to create vivid pictures in the reader’s mind to inspire emotions of loneliness. The setting is often described as very cold, or as barren and empty. â€Å"The sun was risen above the frost mists now, so keen and hard a glitter on the snow that instead of warmth its rays seemed shedding cold (page 190)†.In this section of the story, Ross uses words that symbolize happiness, such as â€Å"sun† and â€Å"warmth†, but certain words can be connected to isolation, such as â€Å"frost† and â€Å"cold. † By relating both the Earth and the sky to such chilled words, the imagery leaves the reader feeling as though they are trapped along with Ann in her isolation. Another example of isolation in the setting is, â€Å"She shivered, but did not turn. In the clear, bitter light the long white miles of prairie landscape seemed a region alien to life. Even the distant farmsteads she could see serves only to intensify a sense of isolation (190)†.This portrays the area that they live in as very empty since their nearest neighbours are miles across the snow, giving Ann no one to go to when she is alone. These feelings of isolation and misery are what are constantly weighing on Ann’s shoulders throughout the story and lead to her irrational thoughts and decisions later on, suc h as her choice to sleep with Steven. The snowstorm that occurs during The Painted Door gradually builds over the course of the story and can be seen as a symbol for Ann’s inner conflict.The storm in the story is also Ann’s enemy in a person vs.  nature conflict, separating her from her husband and isolating her from the rest of the world. The stormier it becomes, the more Ann becomes cut off from the outside world. The storm separates her from John for a long time and because of this, Ann considers things that she normally wouldn’t, such as having an affair with her husband’s best friend. These extreme conditions are the driving force behind Ann’s irrational thoughts. As the story progresses and she spends more time alone, Ann’s thoughts and worries begin to build up.The way the storm is described in the story, the reader can infer that the same turmoil is also present in Ann’s mind. By describing the storm as â€Å"eventual furyà ¢â‚¬ , â€Å"blustering and furious†, and â€Å"insane and dominant† these phrases can also be related to Ann’s ever changing thoughts about John. While the storm worsens, Ann becomes closer to committing her sin. As the storm reaches its peak, Ann gives in to her emotions and sleeps with Steven. â€Å"The storm wrenched at the walls as if to make them buckle in. So rigid and desperate were all her muscles set, withstanding, that the room around her seemed to swim and reel.So rigid and strained that for relief at last, despite herself, she raised her head and met his eyes again. (page 209)† In the meantime, unknown to her, John is battling the storm to keep his promise to return to her. As Ann wakes up afterwards, the storm slowly dies down, leaving a path of regret, guilt, and misery behind it. The stormy, isolated conditions of the setting and in her mind are the driving force behind her irrational decision to sleep with Steven and the misery that foll owed her choice. Isolation can be the reasoning behind irrationality and misery, and in The Painted Door, there are no exceptions.Ann’s inner conflict making her choose between her husband and Steven, the loneliness of the setting that seemed to trap her, and the storm that symbolized the thoughts and emotions inside of her were all forms of isolation that led Ann to irrational actions. Had she stopped to think about where her thoughts were going, perhaps Ann would not have let her isolation affect her rationality. Then John would still be alive and she would not feel the guilt, misery, and loneliness that followed her decision.

Marketing Strategy of a new energy drinks Essay

All around the world drinking beverage is like an entertainment for everyone. Millions of people have beverages everyday for refreshment. Our report is about the Energy Drinks of Bangladesh. In this report we have explained and analyzed how some of the five top selling energy drink companies are operating in Bangladesh. Energy drinks are becoming a major part of the beverage industry due to the rapid increase of their market competition and consumer awareness. In Bangladesh, Tiger and Speed are the most famous amongst all other energy drinks. Most of the energy drink companies act and carry out their marketing strategies in similar ways. More innovative steps are required to improve their market share. The goal of this report is to find out about the present condition of energy drink market in Bangladesh, major competitors we are likely going to face and how we are going to overcome the challenges in the market when we will launch a new energy drink named ‘Spirit’. With the use of effective marketing mix and other strategies we are going to target the young people of Bangladesh to sell our product. We have done a clear competitive analysis to take advantage of the weaknesses of our competitors and opportunities of the market. We are likely going to invest hugely in the beginning of launching our product to inform our customers about our product. As a new product company we are promising our customers to offer a unique product which will give them energy along with the excitement to enjoy their lives. Section 1: Current Market Analysis 1. 1: Top 5 brands in the market (how we find it) –We have surveyed in some of the areas of Dhaka city, like – Farmgate, Motijheel,Uttara, Gulshan; to find out the names of five most top selling energy drinks. According to the survey we have seen – Tiger, Speed, Shark, Sting and Boost are most popular in the energy drink industry of Bangladesh. We went to different departmental stores as mystery shoppers and randomly asked about the drinks each shop offers and found out the names of the energy drinks customers tend to buy more. 1. 2:Product Analysis -Product Level – Product leveling is the first and most important step taken by product planners to add more customer value to their products. It includes 3 main levels: Core Customer Value, Actual Product and Augmented Product. Core Customer Value – The first thing that comes to everyone’s mind when they talk about energy drink is ‘source of power’. In Bangladesh, all of the energy drink companies basically have the same core customer value, which is mainly about replenishing the energy of their customers through providing them with their energy drinks. However, different brands use different mottos to establish their customer value. For example: Shark’s motto says, â€Å"Real Energy, Real Power†; in other case Speed’s motto says, â€Å"Heavy Energy†. This way each products motto varies from each other and creates a different view about the product in their customers mind. Actual Product – This level includes Brand name, Packaging and Product Attributes. Under Product Attribute comes: Product Features, Design and Quality of the product. i. Brand name: A brand name is an identity of a product, without it no product will even exist. Each brand name establishes their uniqueness with their different names, signs and logos. All of the energy drink companies have a brand name of their products, which differentiates each of them from their competitors. The names ‘Royal Tiger’, ‘Boost Energy Drink’, ‘Speed’, ‘Shark’ and ‘Sting’ – each of them stands as a brand name for their product, marketed by different producers. ii. Packaging: Packaging describes the way a product is protected using a container or wrapper and at the same time provides all the required information regarding a product. The energy drinks – Sting, Speed, Shark and Tiger are all available in both cans and bottles. Only Boost is available in steel can in the market. iii. Product Features and Designs: Features explain the tools which enable a particular energy drink to gain competitive advantage over other energy drinks. The tools include – design, smell, taste and color of each energy drink. The designs of Sting, Speed, Shark, Boost and Tiger energy drinks are more or less the same. They are mostly available in two forms and in two shapes, one in a round shaped plastic bottle (250 ml) and another in cylindrical steel can (250/270 ml). They all taste sweet, expect from Tiger and Boost; which tastes sour as well. iv. Quality: Speed, Tiger, Shark, Boost and Sting have been maintaining a good standard of quality by providing the adequate amount of energy to their customers and helping them to deal with strenuous activity. However, no matter what the quality level is; over consumption of energy drinks can always prove harmful for human beings (even though they might be alcohol free). Augmented Product– There is no after-sales service, delivery service or product support for these perishable products (like – energy drinks). Labeling– Labeling is the most important part of every energy drinks. It informs about the ingredients of the product, who made the product, safety issues regarding the product and the web address of the company. Speed, Tiger, Shark, Sting and Boost all maintain an informative and trendy labeling to help their customers to make the right choice. Their ingredients contain Carbonated Water, Carbonated Sugar, Vitamins, Preservatives, Colors, Antioxidant, Sodium Benzoate, Ca-D-Pentothenate, Citric acid, Tartrazine Yellow and many other things according to the standard or permissible level. They even mention on their labeling that, it can be harmful for children and pregnant women. However, they are manufactured by different companies. ‘Speed’ is manufactured by Food And Beverage Limited, ‘Shark’ is manufactured by Global Beverage Company Limited, ‘Sting’ is manufactured by Transcom Beverage Limited, ‘Tiger’ is manufactured by AST Beverage Limited and ‘Boost’ is manufactured by Boost Drinks Limited. Brand Positioning – One of the challenging things for the energy drink companies to do is, to create a permanent place in the customers mind about a particular brand. To do this, all of these energy drink companies need to locate their brands at 3 levels – i. Product attributes ii. Benefits iii. Beliefs and Values. i. Product Attributes: Even though Tiger, Speed, Shark, Boost and Sting all have the common color of the drink – yellow; their smell is very different from each other. Boost tastes sour, Tiger tastes both sour and sweet, Sting tastes like strawberry and both the Shark and Speed taste sweet. ii. Benefits: The common benefit any consumer can gain from having an energy drink is, ‘spiritual force’ – which will make them more active in their daily life. Still, every energy drink has it’s own way to inform about their benefits to their loyal customers. ‘Royal Tiger’ benefits their customers by recharging their energy physically, ‘Boost’ helps their customers with being more efficient, ‘Sting’ provides their customers with vitamins and other nutrients, ‘Shark’ strengthens the stamina of their customers and ‘Speed’ increases the concentration and performance level of the individuals who are consuming it. iii. Beliefs and Values: Satisfaction comes from the core belief that consumers hold in their minds about a certain product. Customers believe – ‘Sting’ and ‘Tiger’ will give them satisfaction with better taste, ‘Boost’ will boost their energy, ‘Shark’ will give them real power and ‘Speed’ will help them gain extra speed. This way customers share their different beliefs and value for each energy drinks differently. 1. 3: Price Analysis– Size of the Bottle Product Name 250 ml 270 ml 330ml Speed 25 BDT Shark 25 BDT – – Sting 25 BDT – – Boost – – – Tiger – 25 BDT – Size of the Can Product name 250 ml 270 ml 330 ml Speed 30 BDT – – Shark 35 BDT – – Sting – -Boost 170 BDT – – Tiger 30 BDT – – 1. 4: Promotion Analysis – Promotion : Advertising is the most crucial part of a company’s marketing mix. It is the first step to inform and aware the general public or the target group of customers about a product a particular company is offering. The five energy drink companies – Speed, Tiger, Shark, Sting and Boost; all of them are between the introduction and growth stage of their product life cycle. At this stage they are only informing the customers about their product including their benefits. Basically all the companies are following the same way to promote their products and these are some of the most common media channels used by them for doing promotion – television, radio, newspapers, magazines and internet. Target Group: Energy drink companies mainly target the major districts of Bangladesh. The local companies, like – Speed, Tiger have distributed their products in rural areas as well to attract a huge number of customers. Energy drinks are mainly used by the people who are between the age group of 16-30, because they comparatively need more energy in every step of their lives. So all of the companies aim to target them and make the product according to their needs to deliver complete satisfaction through their energy drinks. Their product is priced quite cheaply, so that people of different classes can buy them. Most of the energy drinks are claimed to be halal while considering the religious and social issues of Bangladesh. Message and Effect of the advertisements: Message (Add Story) – Each company make their advertisements differently even though their motive remains the same, which is to inform the customers about the product. Here are some of the advertisement stories of the five energy drink companies – 1. Speed – In one of Speed’s advertisements, they have shown some guys were trying to get up on a bamboo for the whole day without getting tired. Their motto is ‘Heavy Energy’. In other words, they are using emotional appeal. In newspapers, they post a picture from the screen shot of their advertisements and use the same motto, so that people can get a clear brand knowledge. They do not have any brand ambassador for their product and they are constantly sending out the notion to their consumers how Speed can let them gain unlimited energy. 2. Shark – There is an advertisement of Shark ‘20 takay Dhaka’, they showed a guy kicked another person from Chittagong and sent him to Dhaka after having Shark energy drink. They are using the motto ‘Real Energy, Real Power’. In their advertisements they use the rational appeal to attract customers. They have no brand ambassador, because they are not still going for intensive or aggressive promotion. 3. Sting -. In the television advertisement there was one young boy who went to a shooting spot with the hope of being a superstar. On that time one director was taking the shot of riding a motor cycle on that spot. Showing that the young boy moved forward to do that shot but the director did not allow him and insulted him that made the young boy very frustrated. After that the director was supposed to make that shot with the hero but unfortunately the hero failed to ride the motor cycle. Then the director asked the crowd who could do the shot. The first young boy showed up the courage and did that shot in a fantastic way. Everybody praised him a lot. They started celebrating the happiness together by dancing with sting energy drink. They were singing â€Å"Sting, Sting, Sting –Ullasher Shuru Ekhanei†. They are using rational appeal in their advertisements In the radio advertisement they play the same jingle. In newspaper the marketers use the picture of 250ml bottle of sting energy drink and write their jingle. They give the same ad in magazines too. In billboards and posters, the marketers add the picture in a big way that they use for newspaper and magazine. 4. Boost – In one ad they have shown that a young guy, probably of age 20 was walking along the roadside, on the background rap music is going on (sign of young generation). The lyrics was talking about getting energy, confidence and success. The guy had his neck tattoed and wore a sunglass, showing the style of recent youth fashion. He went into a departmental store, went to the refrigerator, there were other drinks (e. g. red rooster and red bull); but he picked up BOOST, then he paid for it, got out, drank it and got himself recharged and the soundtrack was saying as if he could fly now. So this is one example of their rational advertisements. They have not used any brand ambassador yet for their product in Bangladesh, and these two advertisements are not even shown in Bangladeshi channels, they are only available in You tube. 5. Tiger – The tiger energy drink has only one advertisement which is very popular. The brand ambassador Aiyub bachchu is the model for the advertisement. The advertisement showed that, when the popular singer Aiyub Bacchu attended a party, the audience requested him to sing a song. But at that time Aiyub Bacchu felt tired and bored. So he needed to recharge himself to get energy. So he took tiger and then sang a song with more power and energetic voice. In this way they try to attract customers by using the rational approach. They also do radio advertisement with the song of Aiyub Bacchu. In billboard advertisement they promote their motto ‘Recharge Yourself’. Effect – Different advertisements effect’s consumers differently. In general, all of these advertisements encourage people to buy their products. When people get satisfied with one product, they talk positive things about it, this way companies can enjoy the benefits of -word of mouth. Customers get to know through these advertisements how their everyday lives are going to be benefitted if they have these energy drinks. Personal selling: Personal selling is no longer considered as giving door to door service. It is a much wider concept nowadays. Companies not only their sell their product to the customers, they also build a loyal relationship with them. To keep on and for maintaining such a relation, companies must be ready to deal with different problems their customers have regarding their product. Unfortunately, none of these five energy drink companies do these in Bangladesh. They are more focused on advertising only. Sales promotion: In general, energy drink companies do not give any special discount on their product to boost their sales. Companies give incentives to their channel members to keep their product in the front line of their shelves, so that customers choose to have it by first looking at it. Sometimes they give energy drink on their own to the customers, because it make the customers feel the product is of high quality and that is why the salesman is offering it to them. Besides people generally do not look out for products those are kept behind the shelves, as it will be very time consuming. Advertisements do even contribute to generate the sales level sometimes. Though there are many other ways to promote sales, the energy drink companies mainly follow these two ways to carry out their sales promotion activity. Public Relation: To operate in this digital world it is very important for companies to maintain a good relation with both their internal and external publics, example – shareholders, customers. Some of the energy drink companies arranges concerts and sponsors television shows to interact closely with their customers. Example – last year Tiger organized one concert in Doha. Each of the five companies uses different and unique logos for their product. None of them are involved in doing conferences or giving press release. Buzz marketing is also a tool used by these companies to improve their relations with the general public and promote their product as well. Direct Marketing: Energy drink companies have their official websites, but their use is not very effective in Bangladesh. In huge shopping malls or in other areas, none of the energy drinks are available in vending machines. These products are not even sold by the companies directly over online or by using telephone. The only way they carry out direct marketing is through placing the advertisement videos in You Tube. The energy drink companies still lack good customer service, example – no service or facilities provided to give complaints or to share ideas about the product face to face with the customers. Promotion Mix Strategy: The demand for energy drink is not yet very high in Bangladesh. So all the manufacturers of these five energy drink companies use the push strategy. Manufacturers contract with wholesalers or retailers to pass down their products to their final consumers and also to encourage customers to buy the products. Sometimes manufacturers give incentives to the channel members to promote their product as well. Section 02: Marketing strategy for a new brand Figure: Spirit Energy Drink Figure: Logo of Spirit Energy Drink 2. 1: Introducing a new brand for energy drink – After analyzing the present market condition of energy drinks in Bangladesh, we have come up with a new idea of introducing a new brand for energy drink. The name of our energy drink will be ‘SPIRIT Energy Drink’. This new energy drink will hopefully win the hearts of our target customers and please them with the new taste and value of our product that we going to offer. This energy drink will not only make people active physically, it will also motivate them spiritually to move ahead in their lives with confidence. The motto of our energy drink is – ‘ignites you from inside’. With this motto we will give our customers the idea of how Spirit energy drink can add more liveliness in their lives. The name of our company is Spirit Beverage Limited and we are using ‘Spirit Energy Drink’ as our product’s logo. We have used picture of a guy inside the logo to show our customers what we are trying to say through the motto.roduct’inkurny is gy of Shark and make them more active. customers tend to buy more. 20202020202020202020202020202020. 2. 2: Design marketing strategy for the new brand – i. Segmentation We will segment the market of Spirit energy drink on the basis of geography, demography, psychography and behavior. Geographic Segmentation: We are going to serve Spirit energy drink mainly for the people of Bangladesh. We will offer Spirit energy drink within the different territories of Bangladesh, like- Dhaka, Chittagong, Rajshahi, Barisal, Sylhet, Rangpur and Comilla. We will be selecting these territories because these are the biggest district of Bangladesh and most of the people live in these places. We will offer our product throughout every individual district, starting from the departmental stores to the small local and street stalls. We are offering Spirit both in urban and rural areas as well. Demographic Segmentation: Our market will be divided into groups based on variables such as age, gender, family life cycle, occupation and education. We are going to offer our product to both male and female who are between the ages of 15 to 30. We are especially offering the product to the university going students, corporate persons and athletes too. Our product will be for the people of all religion as it will be product is 100% halal. Psychographic Segmentation: Spirit energy drink is for the classes of people who fall under – upper lowers, working class, middle class and upper middles. We are going to use personality variables to segment market like the gregarious and ambitious people. Behavioral Segmentation: We will be segmenting the market of Spirit energy drink on the basis of occasions and benefits. In summer it remains very hot in the middle of the day and for that time we will give a special offer to the customers called â€Å"Make Your Mind Cool†. People will get the same energy drink at a lower price during this time. We will give people other benefits like- we are not using preservatives in our product and our product will be convenient for the customers. ii. Targeting We will target our market within the segmentation. We are mainly targeting Dhaka because, it is the capital city of Bangladesh and highly populated and urbanized. Within Dhaka, we are targeting mostly the teenagers and adults – who are the university students. Female students are going to be a part of it too, because the size and growth rate of this segment is high. As there is going to be other substitute products and tough competitors of Spirit energy drink in the market, we will offer our product directly by setting some temporary stores of Spirit energy drink inside the campus of some big and renowned universities. This will help us gain competitive advantage over our rivals and make people aware of our product. We will explain about the benefits about our product and give other information’s regarding our product. Making people believe that our product is different will be our main target. We will offer the same product at the same price to all our segmented customers. iii. Positioning Our product’s motto is â€Å"Ignites you from inside†, by this motto we are trying to make people believe that, Spirit energy drink encourages people to move on no matter whatever situation they face in their lives. Our product will always remove the frustration from both their body and soul. Spirit is alcohol free and will be made and designed attractively to attract our customers. In this way we will differentiate and create a unique image of our product in our consumer’s mind. iv. Marketing Mix (4p) ? Design and description of the product – Customer Value and Brand Name: The first thing that we are considering about our product before we place it in the market is, it’s core benefit or core values. Customers always seek out for the benefit and the reason behind buying a product. They always value the experience they get after using it. In order to enter the market and establishing our brand successfully, we are going to provide the most refreshing and unique energy drink; which will spread liveliness and create more excitement in our customers life. They will not only buy one Spirit energy drink, they will buy one reason to hold on to being strong and face everything with more spirit in their lives. The brand name of our product is–‘Spirit Energy Drink’. We have named our product Spirit because it is easy to remember and meaningful at the same time. It will help the customers to distinguish and compare our product from others. Product Features and Design: Our energy bottle will be made in the shape of a space shuttle, with a combination of red and black color to give the igniting image. We will design our can just like other energy drink cans, which is made up of steel body with a cylindrical shape. In the middle of both the can and bottle, the name of our product will be written horizontally. The whole bottle and can will be black in color and the name written in pearl white. The shining stars above the name will give it a glowing and sparkling image. The guy standing in the middle of the name will exhibit the idea that Spirit energy drink has the ability to bring back everyone from darkness and add new value to their lives. Like all other energy drink, Spirit’s taste will be sweet and sour and the color of the drink will be red wine color. Packaging and Labeling: We plan to do very careful and colorful packaging to attract our target customers. The products are going to be well packaged and covered so that it stays protected in every condition. All the necessary information’s will be written on the body of bottle and can. Packaging will be done in two ways: 1. Plastic bottle – 300ml (Normal Packaging) 2. Steel Can – 270ml (Prestigious Packaging). Necessary warnings will be provided, like –it might be harmful for pregnant women and children. Manufacturing and Expiring dates will be written on the covers to warn the consumers about the product’s validity. Most importantly, the ingredients we are going to use are – Carbonated water, Refined sugar, Sodium Citrate, Sodium Benzoate, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B6, Touraine, Citric Acid, Preservatives, Antioxidant, Ca-D-Pentothenate, Tartrazine, Mixed Fruit Flavor, Food Grade Flavor, Food Colors. There will be a Nutrition Fact chart too, describing the nutritious contents. Energy80 cal. Proteino gm Saturated fato gm Total fat o gm Sodium 20mg Sugar20 gm Carbohydrate 20. 5 gm Cholesterol0 gm Dietary Fibero gm Product Quality: Providing our customers with the best quality of energy drink is our prime purpose. We have made sure that our energy drink does not contain any harmful substances. It is alcohol free and free from every possible harmful effects. With the amazing taste and other attributes, we assure that our customers will be satisfied and buy Spirit more frequently. Design of pricing policy. Spirit is at the introduction stage of it’s product life cycle and we know the competition of energy drink companies is rising day by day in Bangladesh. We will use cost-plus pricing for Spirit energy drink, considering the present market and demand for energy drink. Though the demand of energy drink in our country is increasing with time, our product is still under pure competition, as there are already some other energy drinks in our local market. We will also consider competitors strategies and prices, how they set their prices and how much they charge from the intermediaries and consumers. We will focus on our target customers willingness and ability to pay for an energy drink. After considering the above issues we are charging 35tk for 270ml can and 30tk for 300ml bottle from our customers. For the 270ml can, our production is 30tk and after setting a standard markup to the cost we will be charging 32tk from our wholesalers, wholesalers will charge 33. 5tk to the retailers and finally the retailers are sell the drink at 35tk o the customers. For 300ml bottle, our production cost per bottle is 25tk and after setting a standard markup to the cost the wholesalers will buy each bottle at 27tk from the us. Wholesalers will charge 28. 5tk to the retailers and finally the retailers will sell it at 30tk each bottle to the customers. In short, we are charging the price for our product moderately to attract huge number of customers to buy it. It will help us to maintain a minimum level of profits for operating and keep running our business. Design of promotional activities – Advertising: For creating awareness and informing the consumers about our product we are going to advertise in more than one media. Our target is to do mass promotion to cover the maximum number of people in Bangladesh. Some of the major media channels through which we will be advertising are –television, radio, newspapers, online media and billboards. Television and internet are the most fastest and effective media channels to promote product, as most of the people spend their time on these. Newspapers though have high believability, do not last for a long period of time. Starting from the poor uneducated people of our society to the educated ones, everyone listens to radio. Therefore radio is also a very effective way to reach a huge number of customers at the same time. Add story – While broadcasting on television, we will show a random university student is sitting on a chair and lost deep inside at the sheer thoughts of failing in exam. Then suddenly one of his friends will come to him and give him a Spirit energy drink. After having the energy drink the boy will jump off and scream energetically that he is not going to give up. He will get motivated and feel more energized while doing his studies. He will realize that he can study longer and give more concentration in his studies after drinking the Spirit energy drink. Then finally when the results come out, he will do the top result in his university. He will then become extremely happy and appreciate how Spirit energy drink has helped him to achieve this success in life. This way we will draw conclusion to the add. In newspapers and billboards we will use the same boy, who will be smiling and holding a Spirit energy drink; conveying the same message about our product’s motto. In radio channels we use the same jingle which we will show in television. As we are launching a new product in the market, we want to deliver the same message to our target customers. It will help them to get a clear and specific idea of our brand and what we intend to provide. Our advertisement is designed in both emotional and rational way. Emotionally we are showing the customer, they can move on in their lives with the help of Spirit and rationally we are giving them the idea that Spirit energy drink is good for their health, as it increases concentration and strength. Sales Promotion: Sales promotion is another major step we will carry out to encourage our customers to purchase our product more frequently. Sales promotion can be done in many ways – giving discounts, giving lotteries, pop-up adds, etc. We will give incentives to the people of our channels to keep our energy drink in front of the shelves in all the stores we are going to supply. Consumers buys the product that are kept in front side, because people have an idea that good quality things are always kept at the front and they will not want to search for other product as that would be time consuming. In times of special occasions like Eid, we will announce special discounts or extra offers. We will sell our products in front of colleges, universities and major shopping malls. Therefore we will be exposing our product more to the public and will gain higher chances of selling our product, thus making more profits. Besides, none of our competitors are doing these things, so we can gain competitive advantage over them as well. Personal selling: Energy drink is a convenience product, and it is quite impossible to reach the mass people by employing thousands of employees for selling our product. This process is very slow and expensive. So we will not be selling our products personally. We will employ experts in offices, who will deal with customer’s view’s and problems. This way we will personally provide/sell our service them beside selling our product. Public relations: At the very first stage we will arrange a press conference to inform everyone about our product. Press media is very crucial, as interacting with them positively will encourage them to promote our product more creatively and positively to our customers. This way we can also have competitive advantage over our competitors. We will organize different concerts and sponsor television shows, this will give us an open platform to interact more closely with our customers and build a strong relation with them. Direct marketing: We are planning to open a Facebook page along with our official website where we will encourage people to share their views about our product. This will help us to keep track of our customers reaction towards our product. None of the other energy drink companies are doing much of these activities, so it is an easier way to grab a huge number of customers and market share this way. Online marketing is therefore more efficient and fast way of direct marketing in terms of receiving our customers reactions, complaints and comments and adapting to those changes to keep surviving and growing. Promotion Mix strategy: We will use push strategy for Spirit energy drink. Contracting with different wholesalers and retailers will help us to provide adequate supplies in every convenient and targeted locations. We will give them incentives to promote and supply our product more frequently to the customers. Design of distribution activities- We will go for intensive distribution for Spirit energy drink, because we want to provide stock our product in as many outlets as possible. We want to ensure that our products must be available where and when consumers want them. As our product is new in the market, we will directly offer our product to the target customers. We will be offering our Spirit energy drink to the customers through wholesalers and retailers. Within our limited resources we cannot afford to have our own distribution facilities, like – warehouses and showrooms and to hire sales people and support stuffs. We would rather contract with the wholesalers, so that they will take those extra costs and risks. Our target customers are the young university students, that is why we are contracting with retailers.